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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Dec 1995, 2620-2624, Vol 39, No. 12
HF Chambers, D Moreau, D Yajko, C Miick, C Wagner, C Hackbarth, S Kocagoz, E Rosenberg, WK Hadley and H Nikaido
An increase in the number of tuberculosis cases caused by multiple-drug-
resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has stimulated search for
new antituberculous agents. Beta-lactam antibiotics, traditionally regarded
as ineffective against tuberculosis, merit consideration. Four major
penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) with approximate molecular sizes of 94,
82, 52, and 37 kDa were detected by fluorography of
[3H]penicillin-radiolabeled membrane proteins prepared from M. tuberculosis
H37Ra. The presence of membrane-associated beta-lactamase precluded the use
of membranes for assaying the binding affinities of beta-lactam
antibiotics. Therefore, ampicillin affinity chromatography was used to
purify these four PBPs from crude membranes in order to assay the binding
affinities of beta-lactam antibiotics. Ampicillin, amoxicillin, and
imipenem, beta-lactam antibiotics previously reported to be active in vitro
against M. tuberculosis, bound to M. tuberculosis PBPs at therapeutically
achievable concentrations. Binding of the 94-, 82-, and 52-kDa PBPs, but
not the 37-kDa PBP, was associated with antibacterial activity, suggesting
that these PBPs are the critical targets. Studies of mycobacterial cell
wall permeability, which was assayed with a panel of reference
cephalosporins and penicillins with different charge positivities,
indicated that the rate of penetration of beta-lactam antibiotics to the
target PBPs could not account for resistance. Resistance could be reversed
with the beta-lactamase inhibitors clavulanate or sulbactam or could be
circumvented by the use of a beta-lactamase-stable drug, imipenem,
indicating that mycobacterial beta-lactamase, probably in conjunction with
slow penetration, is a major determinant of M. tuberculosis resistance to
beta-lactam antibiotics. These findings confirm in vitro data that M.
tuberculosis is susceptible to some beta-lactam antibiotics. Further
evaluation of these drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis in animal
models and in clinical trials is warranted.
Copyright © 1995 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Can penicillins and other beta-lactam antibiotics be used to treat tuberculosis?
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA.
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